{"id":11128,"date":"2023-04-12T17:51:02","date_gmt":"2023-04-12T15:51:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lapendulerie.com\/?p=11128"},"modified":"2024-04-23T14:10:11","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T12:10:11","slug":"the-most-beautiful-clocks-of-the-louis-xvi-period-ii-porcelain-clocks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lapendulerie.com\/en\/the-most-beautiful-clocks-of-the-louis-xvi-period-ii-porcelain-clocks\/","title":{"rendered":"The Most Beautiful Porcelain Clocks of the Louis XVI Period"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Our previous article offered a general introduction to the horological creations of the reign of Louis XVI<\/a>, and discussed several typical models. Since the reign of Louis XVI was extremely rich in terms of artistic creation, we wished to devote an entire article to one particular type of timepieces: porcelain clocks. These were the most fashionable and desirable objects one could dream of possessing in the late 18th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Early Models: from Vincennes to S\u00e8vres<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The earliest porcelain clocks appeared during the reign of Louis XV. As early as 1749, the archives of the Vincennes Manufactory mention a porcelain clock delivered to \u201cMonsigneur le Contr\u00f4leur G\u00e9n\u00e9ral\u201d, Jean-Baptiste Machault d\u2019Arnouville. However, such clocks were very scarce, and often involved the use of different types of porcelain. This is the case for the clock known as \u201cthe Concert of the Monkeys\u201d (fig. 1), which featured soft-paste porcelain flowers from Vincennes and hard-paste porcelain figurines from Meissen.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Fig. 1 – The \u201cConcert of the Monkeys\u201d clock, movement by Jean Moisy<\/a>; gilt bronze mounts by Jean-Claude Chambellan, known as Duplessis; Vincennes and Meissen porcelain, circa 1755-1760. Paris, Petit Palais.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Transferred to S\u00e8vres in 1756, the Vincennes manufactory, which enjoyed the patronage of the king, became the Royal S\u00e8vres manufactory<\/a>, with exclusive rights to the production of hard-paste porcelain. As of the 1760s, S\u00e8vres began making clock cases in greater numbers. We know that a clock with \u201cpieds de biches\u201d and \u201cpetit vert\u201d decoration was delivered in 1762 to Madame de Pompadour. That clock is today in the Mus\u00e9e du Louvre (inv. OA10899).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Triumph of S\u00e8vres<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

During the reign of Louis XVI, porcelain was a highly fashionable material for luxury items. Gilt bronze was often used to increase the elegance of these pieces. Their forms considerably evolved and diversified thanks to the marchands-merciers<\/em>, who were always seeking to offer ever-more fashionable objects to their sophisticated and demanding clients. Among them, Simon-Philippe Poirier and his associate, and later successor, Dominique Daguerre<\/a> are particularly noteworthy. The latter enjoyed a near monopoly on the sale of S\u00e8vres porcelain. For example, S\u00e8vres sold him nearly all (thirty-two pieces) of its truncated columns, a great number of which were then mounted as clocks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The series of truncated columns was particularly appreciated by the royal family, for Poirier had already delivered one, \u201cadorned with porcelain figures\u201d, to Madame du Barry in 1771; she gave it to the Count and Countess de Provence as a wedding gift. The Count d\u2019Artois purchased another with gilt figures for the Turkish cabinet in the Palais du Temple. It stands today in the Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles (fig. 2).<\/p>\n\n\n

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Fig. 2 \u2013 Truncated column clock in S\u00e8vres porcelain, movement by Charles Dutertre, Paris, Louis XVI, period, circa 1775. Delivered by Simon-Philippe Poirier to the Count d\u2019Artois in 1777. Mus\u00e9e National du Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles (inv. VMB 889).<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Daguerre\u2019s boutique was one of the most popular attractions for Parisians and the elites of foreign countries. \u201cYou could hardly get close to his shop, because of the crowds of people that flocked around it\u201d, said the Baroness of Oberkirch, who accompanied the Countess du Nord on a visit to Paris in 1782. The countess was following her husband, Tsarevitch Paul of Russia, on a grand tour of Europe. At Daguerre\u2019s boutique the princely couple purchased this celebrated clock adorned with S\u00e8vres porcelain plaques (fig. 3), which is today in the Rijksmuseum.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Fig. 3 – Gilt bronze mantel clock with S\u00e8vres porcelain plaques, movement by Louis Montjoye<\/a>, Paris, Louis XVI period, 1782. Purchased by Tsarevitch Paul, the future Paul I, it stood in Pavlovsk Palace. This clock was seized during the Russian Revolution and was sold in 1932 along with other pieces from the imperial collection. Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

The same model features in the catalogue of items that Daguerre presented to the Duke of Saxony-Teschen and Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria (fig.\u00a04), who at the time were furnishing the Ch\u00e2teau de Laeken, their residence in Brussels. With a movement by Sotiau<\/a> and also dated 1782, this clock is one of the most prestigious masterpieces currently offered by La Pendulerie (fig. 5).<\/p>\n\n\n

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Fig. 4 – Drawing of a bronze and porcelain clock<\/em>, Paris, circa 1782. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/a>
Fig. 5 \u2013 Gilt bronze mantel clock with S\u00e8vres porcelain plaques, movement by Sotiau, Paris, Louis XVI period, 1782. Probably delivered by Dominique Daguerre to the Duke of Saxony-Teschen, circa 1785. \u00a9 La Pendulerie \u2013 Agence Phar<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

In addition to the plaques decorating clocks, vase-form clocks or \u201cvases \u00e0 monter<\/em>\u201d constitute a specific category of the items made at S\u00e8vres. Often furnished with gilt bronze mounts, they sometimes feature a circular dial. Some of the more exceptional pieces have a cercles tournants<\/em> dial. Sold initially by Poirier and later by Daguerre, many of them were fitted with movements by Charles Dutertre<\/a> (d. before 1778), who was Poirier and Daguerre\u2019s main supplier as of 1771. (fig. 6).<\/p>\n\n\n

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Fig. 6 \u2013 Gilt bronze vase clock with S\u00e8vres porcelain plaques, movement by Dutertre, Paris circa 1770. Probably formerly in the collection of Sir Anthony de Rothschild (1810-1876). \u00a9 La Pendulerie \u2013 Agence Phar<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Lyre clocks are undoubtedly among the best known models made by the S\u00e8vres manufactory. As mentioned in the preceding article, Louis XVI acquired two examples from the manufactory in 1785. At the end of each year, S\u00e8vres organized an exclusive exhibition at which new models were presented to the royal family. Many of these were purchased at the factory, and the remaining pieces were sold by the marchands<\/em>–merciers<\/em>, who offered them only to their wealthiest clients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As concerns lyre clocks, the S\u00e8vres archives mention only thirty or so examples that were made between 1786 and 1797, all in four colors: bleu nouveau<\/em>, turquoise, green and pink (fig. 7). They were so successful that the model continued to be produced during the 19th<\/sup> century by other factories, including the Locr\u00e9 or Pouyat et Russinger<\/em>\u00a0factory<\/a>, which made a unique replica that must have been produced on special order (fig. 8).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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Fig. 7 \u2013 Pink S\u00e8vres porcelain lyre clock, movement by Dieudonn\u00e9 Kinable, polychrome enamel by Dubuisson, Paris, circa 1785-1790. \u00a9 La Pendulerie \u2013 Agence<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Fig. 8 \u2013 Celadon green Locr\u00e9 porcelain lyre clock, movement by Dieudonn\u00e9 Kinable, enamel by Dubuisson, Paris, circa 1815-1820. \u00a9 La Pendulerie \u2013 Agence<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Rivals of S\u00e8vres: Private Manufactories<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nevertheless, S\u00e8vres was not the only manufactory to produce porcelain clock cases during the reign of Louis XVI. Though small, the manufactory in rue Thiroux, which was founded towards the end of the 1770s by Andr\u00e9-Marie Leboeuf, was one of S\u00e8vres\u2019 main rivals. That manufactory was known for its extremely elegant decorative motifs, which drew the attention of Marie-Antoinette, who soon became an appreciative client.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1778 Leboeuf obtained the queen\u2019s patronage, which would allow his enterprise to bear the name of \u201cthe Queen\u2019s manufactory\u201d. His wares were sold by the famous marchand-mercier Charles Raymond Granchez, who was the appointed supplier of jewelry and other adornments to Marie-Antoinette. He promoted the manufactory\u2019s new products in his boutique. In the Cabinet des Modes<\/em> of January 1786, Granchez published the drawing of a \u201cDesk clock \u2026 in porcelain from the Queen\u2019s manufactory (that) is in the form of a vase decorated with scattered flowers\u2026\u201d (fig. 9).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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Fig. 9 \u2013 Mantel garniture comprising a clock and two porcelain candlesticks made by the Queen\u2019s Manufactory and sold in Granchez\u2019 boutique Au Petit Dunkerque<\/em>. Cabinet des Modes<\/em>, January 1, 1786, plate III.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

An example of this model, the only one known to date (fig. 10) is currently offered by La Pendulerie. Its dial bears the signature \u201cGodon \u00e0 Paris\u201d, which is that of Fran\u00e7ois-Louis Godon<\/a>. Godon\u2019s signature also appears on other clocks made by the Queen\u2019s Manufactory. This is the case for the clock known as \u201cthe Queen\u2019s clock\u201d (fig. 11). Signed \u201cGodon, Relojero de Camara\u201d; it was no doubt made after 1786, the year that Godon began to work for the Prince of Asturias, the future Charles IV of Spain.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
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Fig. 10 \u2013 Porcelain and gilt bronze clock, case by the Queen\u2019s Manufactory, movement by Fran\u00e7ois-Louis Godon. Paris, Louis XVI period, circa 1785. \u00a9 La Pendulerie \u2013 Agence<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n
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Fig. 11 \u2013 Porcelain and gilt bronze clock, case by the Queen\u2019s Manufactory, movement by Fran\u00e7ois-Louis Godon. Paris, Louis XVI period, circa 1785. \u00a9 La Pendulerie \u2013 Agence<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Another rival of S\u00e8vres was the factory owned by Christophe Erasimus Dihl and the Gu\u00e9rhards, which was known as the \u201cManufactory of the Duke d\u2019Angoul\u00eame\u201d. The duke became the factory\u2019s patron in 1781. Toward the end of the reign of Louis XVI, the manufactory offered extraordinary groups and figures in bisque porcelain (i.e. unglazed), which were often mounted as clocks (fig. 12). For these pieces, the factory collaborated with the finest artisans, such as the enamel dial painter Joseph Coteau<\/a> and Jean-Nicolas Schmit<\/a> (d. circa 1820) who produced almost all of their movements (fig. 13).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a>
Fig. 12 \u2013 Bisque porcelain and gilt bronze mantel clock, Dihl and Gu\u00e9rhard manufactory, known as the Duke d\u2019Angoul\u00eame\u2019s Manufactory, Paris, late Louis XVI period, circa 1790. \u00a9 La Pendulerie \u2013 Agence<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/a>
Fig. 13 \u2013 Bisque porcelain and gilt bronze mantel clock (detail), Dihl and Gu\u00e9rhard Manufactory, known as the Duke d\u2019Angoul\u00eame\u2019s Manufactory, movement by Jean-Nicolas Schmit, Paris, late Louis XVI period, 1785-1790. The dial bears the inscription \u201cManuf.re de M.gr le Duc d\u2019Angoul\u00eame\/Schmit \u00e0 Paris<\/em>\u201d. \u00a9 La Pendulerie \u2013 Agence<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Porcelain clocks count among the most prestigious horological items made in Paris during the second part of the 18th<\/sup> century. They were especially popular during the reign of Louis XVI. Whether they took the form of vases, lyres, or mounted plaques, new models appeared in rapid succession, bearing witness to the creative vision of the most talented artists and artisans. From the royal family to influential aristocrats, the excellent taste of the most sophisticated collectors influenced the style and design of these magnificent clocks. Gilt bronze mounts often served to highlight the beauty and delicacy of the porcelain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the production of the Royal S\u00e8vres Manufactory is marked by a great diversity of shapes and decorations, it was also rivalled by private manufactories. This was the case for the factories known as \u201cthe Queen\u2019s Manufactory\u201d and \u201cthe Duke d\u2019Angoul\u00eame\u2019s Manufactory\u201d, both of which produced equally remarkable porcelain clocks. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y. Huang<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Our previous article offered a general introduction to the horological creations of the reign of Louis XVI, and discussed several typical models. Since the reign of Louis XVI was extremely rich in terms of artistic creation, we wished to devote an entire article to one particular type of timepieces: porcelain clocks. These were the most […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11186,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Most Beautiful Porcelain Clocks of the Louis XVI Period - La Pendulerie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Porcelain clocks were the most fashionable and desirable objects one could dream of possessing in the late 18th century.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lapendulerie.com\/en\/the-most-beautiful-clocks-of-the-louis-xvi-period-ii-porcelain-clocks\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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